quarta-feira, novembro 01, 2006

UNIDROIT e Princípios de Processo Civil Transnacional

O Instituto Internacional Para a Unificação do Direito Privado (UNIDROIT) é uma organização intergovernamental independente que se dedica ao estudo as necessidades e métodos de modernização, harmonização e coordenação do direito privado, especialmente comercial, entre Estados ou agrupamentos de Estados.

O website do UNIDROIT, para além de disponibilizar esta pequena apresentação, contém inúmeros documentos, duas bases de dados (1, 2), bem como informação sobre o acesso à biblioteca do Instituto, em Roma.

No que diz respeito ao direito processual civil, o labor do UNIDROIT, juntamente com o American Law Institute, deu origem aos Princípios de Processo Civil Transnacional (versão inglesa / versão francesa).

O texto dos "Princípios" tem em vista a regulação unitária de certos institutos de direito processual, com vista a superar as diferenças entre as legislações dos diferentes Estados que participam no Instituto, tendo em conta a especificidade dos litígios transfronteiriços. Aspira ainda, confessadamente, a algo mais ambicioso: servir de modelo de legislação processual civil, quer nos países sem tradição neste ramo, quer mesmo naqueles que têm já um rasto histórico-legislativo bem marcado.

Os "Princípios" (aos quais se deixaram ligações supra) merecem uma consulta, ainda que rápida. Prevêem um modelo processual assente no princípio dispositivo, estabelecendo regras quanto a vários momentos e institutos jurídico-processuais (procedimentos cautelares, intervenção de terceiros, produção de prova, caso julgado e exequibilidade das decisões, entre outros). Deixo aqui apenas alguns exemplos (que, aqui e ali, poderão fazer lembrar legislação recente).


"2.3. A court may grant provisional measures with respect to a person or to property in the territory of the forum state, even if the court does not have jurisdiction over the controversy.

Structure of the Proceedings
9.1 A proceeding ordinarily should consist of three phases: the pleading phase, the interim phase, and the final phase.
9.2 In the pleading phase the parties must present their claims, defenses, and other contentions in writing, and identify their principal evidence.
9.3 In the interim phase the court should if necessary:
9.3.1 Hold conferences to organize the proceeding;
9.3.2 Establish the schedule outlining the progress of the proceeding;
9.3.3 Address the matters appropriate for early attention, such as questions of
jurisdiction, provisional measures, and statute of limitations (prescription);
9.3.4 Address availability, admission, disclosure, and exchange of evidence;
9.3.5 Identify potentially dispositive issues for early determination of all or part of the dispute; and
9.3.6 Order the taking of evidence.
9.4 In the final phase evidence not already received by the court according to Principle
9.3.6 ordinarily should be presented in a concentrated final hearing at which the parties should also make their concluding arguments.


14. Court Responsibility for Direction of the Proceeding
14.1 Commencing as early as practicable, the court should actively manage the proceeding, exercising discretion to achieve disposition of the dispute fairly, efficiently, and with reasonable speed. Consideration should be given to the transnational character of the dispute.
14.2 To the extent reasonably practicable, the court should manage the proceeding in consultation with the parties.
14.3 The court should determine the order in which issues are to be resolved, and fix a timetable for all stages of the proceeding, including dates and deadlines. The court may revise such directions."

Mais informações sobre o UNIDROIT, o seu propósito e os resultados da sua actividade podem encontrar-se na página que lhe é dedicada no website do Gabinete de Documentação e Direito Comparado.

2 Comentários:

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